Images and their sources.

Saint Agnes of Montepulciano

Saint Agnes of Montepulciano in a 1507 painting associated with Domenico Beccafumi; photograph by Sailko.

Credit: Domenico Beccafumi; photograph by Sailko · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The displayed file is byte-identical to Wikimedia Commons' 960 × 1398 pixel derivative; redistribution remains under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Albertus Magnus

The Virgin appearing to Saint Albert the Great, painted by Vicente Salvador Gómez, circa 1660.

Credit: Vicente Salvador Gómez · Public Domain Mark 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact Wikimedia Commons original bytes; Corpus Files made no crop, resize, recompression, retouching, or content alteration.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Blessed Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster

Ildefonso Schuster casting a ballot in Milan, 1953.

Credit: RotoFoto / Anefo; Nationaal Archief · CC0 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact source image bytes retained. Wikimedia supplies this proportional display-size copy; no local cropping, retouching, compositing, or recompression.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Andrew Bobola

The reliquary identified as Andrew Bobola's in his Warsaw sanctuary.

Credit: Adrian Grycuk · CC BY-SA 3.0 pl · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Displayed copy is Wikimedia Commons’ upstream proportional thumbnail resize. Corpus Files downloaded it without additional crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration or intentional color adjustment.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Blessed Andrew Franchi

Andrew Franchi in a posthumous eighteenth-century engraving by Cosimo Zocchi after Giacinto Giusti, from a volume held by the Getty Research Institute.

Credit: Cosimo Zocchi, after Giacinto Giusti; Getty Research Institute scan · Public domain · Image file

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Saint Angela Merici

Angela Merici at prayer in the frontispiece of Bernard O’Reilly’s St. Angela Merici, and the Ursulines, published in New York in 1880. This copy belongs to the University of Toronto’s Kelly Library.

Credit: Unidentified historical engraver; Pollard & Moss, publishers; University of Toronto copy · Public domain · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The archive’s proportional BookReader JPEG, scale 2, is copied unchanged with the complete supplied page. No additional crop, retouching, color correction, compositing or AI alteration.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Angela of the Cross

Historical image of Angela of the Cross (1846–1932) as a young woman; photographer unknown.

Credit: Unknown photographer · Public domain · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The displayed copy was resized from the Commons source.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Blessed Anna Maria Taigi

Anna Maria Taigi in the engraved frontispiece of her 1874 biography, from a copy held by the Library of Congress.

Credit: Unknown engraver; Library of Congress copy of Edward Healy Thompson’s 1874 biography · Public domain · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Full source-provider scan of the frontispiece retained. No crop, retouching, recoloring, compositing or AI alteration.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Blessed Anthony Vici of Stroncone

San Damiano in Assisi, drawn by Helen M. James for The Story of Assisi. Anthony of Stroncone died at this friary in 1461.

Credit: Helen M. James (1863–1900) · Public domain · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Project Gutenberg’s already extracted drawing downloaded exactly as supplied. No local cropping, enhancement, recompression or alteration. Source image is 348 ×366 pixels; use a modest display size to preserve its line quality.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Anthony Zaccaria

The church dedicated to Saint Anthony Mary Zaccaria in Warsaw, Poland, photographed in July 2024.

Credit: Bartholomaeus · CC BY 4.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Wikimedia Commons proportional JPEG web derivative copied unchanged. No local crop, retouching, recoloring, compositing, or AI alteration.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Blessed Antonia of Florence

Antonia of Florence at prayer, in a French devotional print from the MAS collection in Antwerp.

Credit: Unknown artist; MAS Museum aan de Stroom, Antwerp · CC0 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Wikimedia Commons upstream full-sheet PNG web derivative of the museum TIFF, copied unchanged. No local crop, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Antoninus of Florence

Bernardino Poccetti’s 1600–1605 preparatory drawing of Saint Antoninus kneeling before the crucifix in Orsanmichele, Florence, made as a study for a fresco from the saint’s life.

Credit: Bernardino Poccetti (1548–1612) · The Met Open Access / CC0 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact official Open Access primary-image JPEG bytes. Corpus Files made no crop, resize, recompression, color adjustment, retouching, compositing, or AI alteration. The museum file includes the full ruled surround, lower inscriptions, and the drawing’s red-chalk squaring. Publication does not imply Metropolitan Museum of Art endorsement.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Benedict the Moor

Attributed to José Montes de Oca, Saint Benedict of Palermo, c. 1734, polychrome and gilt wood with glass. Minneapolis Institute of Art, The John R. Van Derlip Fund, 2010.27.2.

Credit: Attributed to José Montes de Oca; object photograph supplied by the Minneapolis Institute of Art (individual photographer not credited) · Minneapolis Institute of Art Public Domain / Public Domain Mark 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact Minneapolis Institute of Art full-resolution primary JPEG. The museum publishes one front view; the complete figure, neutral background, open book, and visible cracks, wear, and material losses are preserved. No crop, rotation, retouching, color adjustment, or Corpus recompression. The museum publishes no object-specific conservation, treatment, or digital-alteration history. Credit does not imply endorsement.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Bernadette Soubirous

Bernadette Soubirous’s reliquary at Saint-Gildard, Nevers. Wax coverings form part of the presentation; this photograph does not show untreated tissue throughout.

Credit: Roock at Polish Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Saved the Commons proportional web-size derivative where available; original bytes used when smaller. No local crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration, or intentional color correction.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Bernardino of Siena

Bernardino of Siena, attributed to Jacopo Bellini.

Credit: Jacopo Bellini · Public domain · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The displayed copy was resized from the Commons source and re-encoded as JPEG for web delivery.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Bénézet

Pont Saint-Bénézet, the medieval Avignon bridge traditionally associated with Bénézet.

Credit: Véronique Pagnier · Public domain — creator's release · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Corpus Files proportionally resized the 3264 × 2448 Wikimedia Commons JPEG source to 1800 × 1350 pixels and JPEG re-encoded it at quality 86 with macOS sips for web delivery. No crop, manual rotation, retouching, compositing, content alteration, or AI alteration was made; metadata may have been normalized by re-encoding. The creator released the source into the public domain; no attribution or ShareAlike condition applies.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Camillus de Lellis

Saint Camillus de Lellis before Christ on the cross, 1783, line engraving by Fernando Selma after José Ximeno. Wellcome Collection, 4527i (V0031776).

Credit: Fernando Selma after José Ximeno; digital reproduction supplied by Wellcome Collection · Public Domain Mark 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact sole official Wellcome IIIF JPEG. The full sheet, border, title, maker lines, paper toning, and foxing are preserved. Corpus Files made no crop, resize, recompression, retouching, or other visual alteration, and no public conservation or digital-alteration history exists for this sheet. The engraving includes a non-graphic Crucifixion and partial nudity. Image: Wellcome Collection; credit does not imply endorsement. Public Domain Mark 1.0 permits commercial reuse with no ShareAlike condition and no required attribution; the editorial credit is retained voluntarily.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Carlo Acutis

Our Lady of Dolours, Chelsea, London, where Carlo Acutis was baptised in May 1991.

Credit: Stephen Craven · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact Geograph/Commons source image copied unchanged; no local edits.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Catherine de’ Ricci

Saint Catherine of Ricci. Engraving by C. Klauber (Catharina Klauber), Wellcome Collection, V0031848. A later devotional representation of the mystical marriage, not a documentary image.

Credit: Catharina Klauber; Wellcome Collection digitization · CC BY 4.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Saved the Commons proportional web-size derivative where available; original bytes used when smaller. No local crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration, or intentional color correction.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Catherine Labouré

The vested reliquary display attributed to Catherine Labouré in the Chapel of the Miraculous Medal, Paris. Appearance alone cannot establish the material condition beneath the clothing or display surfaces.

Credit: André Leroux · Public domain · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Saved the Commons proportional web-size derivative where available; original bytes used when smaller. No local crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration, or intentional color correction.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Catherine of Bologna

Saint Catherine of Bologna, illuminated folio from the Gualenghi-d’Este Hours, about 1469, by Guglielmo Giraldi. Tempera colors, gold paint, gold leaf, and ink. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Ms. Ludwig IX 13 (83.ML.109), fol. 185v.

Credit: Guglielmo Giraldi · The J. Paul Getty Museum Open Content / CC0 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact official Getty IIIF JPEG. One view. The full supplied folio and visible historic abrasion and pigment loss are preserved. Corpus Files made no crop, correction, cleanup, or other edit, and no conservation or digital-retouch note is published. Image: The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles. Credit does not imply endorsement.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Catherine of Genoa

The Catholic Church of Saint Catherine of Genoa in Hamilton Heights, Manhattan, a parish dedicated to her memory. Photograph by Beyond My Ken, July 2014.

Credit: Beyond My Ken · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The supplied Commons proportional1280-pixel JPEG is copied unchanged. No additional crop, retouching, color correction, compositing or AI alteration.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Catherine of Siena

Giovanni di Paolo’s The Miraculous Communion of Saint Catherine of Siena, a tempera-and-gold panel from a narrative cycle commissioned after Catherine’s 1461 canonization. It presents the reported episode as devotional art.

Credit: Giovanni di Paolo (Giovanni di Paolo di Grazia) · The Met Open Access / CC0 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact official primary-image bytes from The Met Open Access file; no Corpus Files crop, resize, recompression, retouching, compositing, restoration, or AI processing. Publication does not imply Metropolitan Museum of Art endorsement.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Cecilia

Saint Cecilia at the organ, painted by Guercino in 1649, in the Dulwich Picture Gallery.

Credit: Guercino · Public Domain Mark 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The displayed copy corresponds to the Commons 960 × 1164 pixel derivative and was JPEG re-encoded; decoded pixels are near-identical to the current derivative.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Charbel Makhlouf

A statue and devotional banner of Charbel Makhlouf at the Saint Maron monastery complex in Annaya, photographed in 2015.

Credit: LLEW · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Corpus Files proportionally resized the 4608 × 3072 Wikimedia Commons JPEG source to 1800 × 1200 pixels and JPEG re-encoded it at quality 86 with macOS sips for web delivery. No crop, manual rotation, retouching, compositing, content alteration, or AI alteration was made; metadata may have been normalized by re-encoding. Redistribution remains under CC BY-SA 4.0; ShareAlike applies to adaptations.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Charles Borromeo

Christ with Saint Ambrose, Saint Mary, Saint Charles Borromeo, Saint Thomas the Apostle and angels. P. Aquila after Carlo Maratta, 1693; Wellcome Collection, 10812i. A UK-held historical etching, not a photograph of the Italian altarpiece or Borromeo’s remains.

Credit: P. Aquila after Carlo Maratta; Wellcome Collection digitization · Public Domain Mark · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Saved Wellcome’s proportional 1280-pixel IIIF web derivative, full sheet retained. No additional crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration, or color correction.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Clare of Assisi

Lippo Memmi’s Saint Clare (ca. 1330), a tempera-and-gold panel showing Clare in the habit of the Poor Clares with a book and flaming lamp. The Met identifies it as a reframed pinnacle from an altarpiece made around 1325–30 for San Francesco in San Gimignano.

Credit: Lippo Memmi (Filippo di Memmo) · The Met Open Access / CC0 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact official primary-image bytes from The Met Open Access file; no Corpus Files crop, resize, recompression, retouching, compositing, restoration, or AI processing. Publication does not imply Metropolitan Museum of Art endorsement.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Clare of Montefalco

Saint Clare of Montefalco, August 17, from Les Images de tous les saints et saintes de l’année, 1636, etching by Jacques Callot, published by Israël Henriet. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 17.50.17-371(280).

Credit: Jacques Callot; published by Israël Henriet; official digital reproduction by The Metropolitan Museum of Art · The Met Open Access / CC0 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact sole Met Open Access primary JPEG. The full current sheet, inscriptions, spotting, and paper toning are preserved. The museum records that this oval was originally one of four scenes on a larger plate, so the print’s physical separation and current-sheet history are disclosed here. Corpus Files made no crop, resize, recompression, retouching, or other visual alteration, and no public conservation or digital-alteration note exists for this impression. Use does not imply Metropolitan Museum of Art endorsement. CC0 1.0 permits commercial reuse and modification, carries no ShareAlike condition, and does not legally require attribution; the editorial credit is retained voluntarily.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Coloman of Stockerau

The 1739 public monument to Saint Coloman in Stockerau, photographed on 20 October 2024.

Credit: C. Stadler (Bwag) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The creator's source metadata records Canon Digital Photo Professional processing. Corpus Files proportionally resized the 5700 × 3800 Wikimedia Commons JPEG source to 1800 × 1200 pixels and JPEG re-encoded it at quality 86 with macOS sips for web delivery. No crop, manual rotation, retouching, compositing, content alteration, or AI alteration was made; metadata may have been normalized by re-encoding. Redistribution remains under CC BY-SA 4.0; ShareAlike applies to adaptations.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Conrad of Piacenza

Giovanni Lanfranco’s Saint Conrad Confalonieri, about 1618, at the Musée des Beaux-Arts in Lyon. Conrad is represented as a Franciscan hermit at prayer.

Credit: Giovanni Lanfranco; photograph by Rama · Public Domain Mark 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The supplied Commons proportional 1280-pixel JPEG is copied unchanged. No additional crop, retouching, color correction, compositing or AI alteration.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Cuthbert

Cuthbert discovers a timber washed in with the tide, from a late-twelfth-century manuscript of his life.

Credit: British Library digitization · CC0 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The displayed copy was resized from the Commons source.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Didacus of Alcalá

Francisco de Zurbarán, San Diego de Alcalá, circa 1645–1650 per the Museo Lázaro Galdiano object record; the Commons record dates it 1651–1653.

Credit: Francisco de Zurbarán · Artwork in the public domain; digital reproduction released under CC0 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The displayed copy is byte-identical to the Commons 960 × 1303 derivative.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Dulce of the Poor

Clergy at the 2011 beatification ceremony for Dulce de Souza Lopes Pontes in Salvador, Bahia.

Credit: Manu Dias / Secom (Agecom Bahia) · CC BY 2.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Displayed copy is Wikimedia Commons’ upstream proportional thumbnail resize. Corpus Files downloaded it without additional crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration or intentional color adjustment.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Edward the Confessor

The chapel and shrine of Edward the Confessor in Westminster Abbey.

Credit: amanderson2 · CC BY 2.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Displayed copy is Wikimedia Commons’ upstream proportional thumbnail resize. Corpus Files downloaded it without additional crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration or intentional color adjustment.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Elizabeth of Portugal

Jacques Callot, St. Elizabeth of Portugal; St. Zoe; St. Isaiah, Prophet; St. Edelburge. R. L. Baumfeld Collection, National Gallery of Art, 1969.15.697. The full sheet is retained; Elizabeth is one of four devotional scenes.

Credit: Jacques Callot · CC0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Saved the Commons proportional web-size derivative where available; original bytes used when smaller. No local crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration, or intentional color correction.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Eustochia Smeralda Calafato

A historical devotional print catalogued as Eustochia Calafato in the MAS collection, Antwerp. It depicts a religious figure at prayer beneath Mary and the Christ Child.

Credit: Unknown artist; MAS Museum aan de Stroom, Antwerp · CC0 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Selected source image copied unchanged; no crop, retouching, recoloring, compositing, or AI alteration.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Frances of Rome

Santa Francesca Romana Clothed by the Virgin, attributed to Antonio da Viterbo the Elder, about 1445. This devotional panel is held by The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Credit: Antonio da Viterbo the Elder; The Metropolitan Museum of Art · The Met Open Access / CC0 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The museum’s supplied web-large JPEG is copied unchanged. No crop, retouching, color correction, compositing or AI alteration by Saints and Science.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Francis de Sales

Historical portrait of Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva.

Credit: Unknown artist; reproduction photographed by Benjamin Gavaudo · Public Domain Mark 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The displayed copy was resized to 1274 × 1600 pixels and re-encoded as an optimized JPEG for web delivery.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Francis of Paola

Francis of Paola in Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo's The Immaculate Conception with Saint Lawrence and Saint Francis of Paola, circa 1775–1780; photograph by Ji-Elle.

Credit: Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo; photograph by Ji-Elle · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The displayed copy corresponds to the Commons 960 × 1364 pixel derivative and was JPEG re-encoded; decoded pixels are near-identical. Redistribution remains under CC BY-SA 3.0.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Francis Xavier

The silver casket associated with Francis Xavier’s remains at the Basilica of Bom Jesus, Old Goa. This distant view documents the display setting, not an anatomical condition.

Credit: Rohini · CC BY 3.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Downloaded the Wikimedia Commons upstream proportional web-size image. No additional crop, retouching, compositing, AI generation or intentional color alteration by Corpus Files. Source-side processing, where evident in the file record, remains part of the supplied photograph.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Germaine Cousin

The 1854 reliquary of Germaine Cousin in the church of Mary Magdalene, Pibrac.

Credit: Didier Descouens · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Displayed copy is Wikimedia Commons’ upstream proportional thumbnail resize. Corpus Files downloaded it without additional crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration or intentional color adjustment.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Guthlac of Crowland

Crowland Abbey, the historic site associated with Guthlac.

Credit: Patw68 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Displayed copy is Wikimedia Commons’ upstream proportional thumbnail resize. Corpus Files downloaded it without additional crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration or intentional color adjustment.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Blessed Helen Enselmini

The Arcella sanctuary in a nineteenth-century engraving of its former neoclassical church. Helen Enselmini belonged to the earlier Franciscan community at this site in Padua.

Credit: Unknown nineteenth-century engraver · Public domain · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Original Commons JPEG copied unchanged. No local crop, retouching, recoloring, compositing, or AI alteration.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Blessed Herculanus of Piegaro

Lucca’s Cathedral of San Martino in a photograph published in 1899. Herculanus preached in the cathedral during the siege of 1430.

Credit: Historical photographer unrecorded; published by Leader Scott in The Cathedral Builders (1899) · Public domain (published 1899) · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Project Gutenberg’s already extracted image downloaded exactly as supplied. No local cropping, enhancement, recompression or alteration. Source image is 575 × 372 pixels; display without aggressive enlargement.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Hugh of Lincoln

Saint Hugh’s Choir inside Lincoln Cathedral.

Credit: Michael D Beckwith · CC0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Displayed copy is Wikimedia Commons’ upstream proportional thumbnail resize. Corpus Files downloaded it without additional crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration or intentional color adjustment.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Blessed Idesbald

Bernard Picart (named on the object as printmaker), Portret van Idesbald van der Gracht [Portrait of Idesbald van der Gracht], 1714, engraving and etching on paper. Rijksmuseum, RP-P-2020-6660.

Credit: Bernard Picart (named on the object as printmaker) · Rijksmuseum Public Domain / Public Domain Mark 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact sole Rijksmuseum IIIF recto JPEG. The full current sheet is preserved, including plate borders, French lower-margin text, maker inscription, paper tone and foxing, sheet edges, and handwritten collection annotations; it must not be cropped to the plate. No rotation, retouching, color adjustment, or Corpus recompression. The catalog records a stamped verso collector’s mark, Lugt 240, but publishes no verso image. No object-specific conservation, treatment, crop, or digitization history is disclosed. Credit does not imply endorsement.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Blessed Imelda Lambertini

A devotional card of Imelda Lambertini published by Boumard et Fils in 1923.

Credit: Boumard et Fils (uitgever) · CC0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Displayed copy is Wikimedia Commons’ upstream proportional thumbnail resize. Corpus Files downloaded it without additional crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration or intentional color adjustment.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Isidore the Laborer

Anonymous Cusco School, Saint Isidore the Farmer, eighteenth century; photograph by the Wikimedia contributor Dozenist.

Credit: Anonymous, Cusco School; photograph by Dozenist · CC BY 2.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The displayed copy is a resized and JPEG re-encoded derivative of Dozenist's photograph, near-pixel-identical to the current Commons 960-pixel rendition.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint James of the Marches

James of the Marches, painted by Francisco de Zurbarán.

Credit: Francisco de Zurbarán · Public domain · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The displayed copy was resized from the Commons source.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Jeanne de Lestonnac

An eighteenth-century devotional portrait of Jeanne de Lestonnac from the Order of the Company of Mary.

Credit: Unidentified artist · Public domain · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Displayed copy is Wikimedia Commons’ upstream proportional thumbnail resize. Corpus Files downloaded it without additional crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration or intentional color adjustment.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Joaquina Vedruna de Mas

Joaquina de Vedruna in Francesc Morell i Cornet's 1903 painted portrait, which the source record says was based on a retouched photograph.

Credit: Francesc Morell i Cornet · Public Domain Mark 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The source description says the painting was based on a retouched original photograph, and embedded metadata records ACD Systems scan processing; the exact earlier retouching is not documented. Corpus Files proportionally resized the 1484 × 2215 Wikimedia Commons scan source to 1206 × 1800 pixels and JPEG re-encoded it at quality 86 with macOS sips for web delivery. No crop, manual rotation, retouching, compositing, content alteration, or AI alteration was made; metadata may have been normalized by re-encoding. The underlying 1903 painting and its faithful reproduction are marked public domain; no attribution or ShareAlike condition applies.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint John Bosco

John Bosco in a portrait reproduced in The Venerable Don Bosco, published in Philadelphia in 1916.

Credit: Portrait photographer unrecorded; reproduced in M. S. Pine, The Venerable Don Bosco (1916) · Public domain (US publication, 1916) · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Historical book image extracted upstream and served unchanged from Commons. No local edits or cropping.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint John Neumann

John Neumann’s conserved relic display in Philadelphia, photographed in January 2007. The face is a wax mask; this predates the change of vestments recorded in December 2007.

Credit: Original uploader was Dgf32 at en.wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Saved the Commons proportional web-size derivative where available; original bytes used when smaller. No local crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration, or intentional color correction.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint John of the Cross

John of the Cross, 1656, traditionally attributed to Francisco de Zurbarán; attribution is uncertain.

Credit: Artist unknown; traditionally attributed to Zurbarán · Public domain · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact Wikimedia Commons original bytes; Corpus Files made no crop, resize, recompression, retouching, or content alteration.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint John Southworth

John Southworth’s vested reliquary display in Westminster Cathedral. The visible metallic face covering and vested form should not be read as an untreated intact body.

Credit: Ethan Doyle White · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Wikimedia Commons generated this 1920 × 1280 pixel resize from the source photograph; no further changes were made for this site.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint John Vianney

John Vianney’s vested reliquary display at Ars-sur-Formans, photographed in 2005. The visible face, hands and clothing are not a measurement of untreated tissue.

Credit: Herwig Reidlinger · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Saved the Commons proportional web-size derivative where available; original bytes used when smaller. No local crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration, or intentional color correction.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint John XXIII

Pope John XXIII in an archival portrait from his pontificate, 1958–1963.

Credit: Unknown photographer / Anefo; Nationaal Archief and Spaarnestad Photo · CC0 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The selected Commons source was already cropped upstream. Its crop is retained; only the source-provided proportional display-size copy is used, with no local edits.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Josaphat Kuntsevych

The Basilica of Saint Josaphat in Milwaukee, viewed from the northeast in 1969. The parish and church were named for Saint Josaphat Kuntsevych, also known as John Kuncevic.

Credit: Jack E. Boucher, Historic American Buildings Survey · Public domain (U.S. Government / HABS) · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact 743×1024 Library of Congress higher-resolution service JPEG retained byte-for-byte. LOC digitized the original large-format negative, produced a 3629×5000, 700-dpi grayscale TIFF master, and generated this proportional 1024-pixel JFIF service derivative at approximately 8:1 compression; the original negative border and edge notation remain visible. Corpus Files made no crop, rotation, tonal adjustment, retouching, metadata change, recompression, compositing, or AI alteration.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Julie Billiart

Portrait of Julie Billiart, circa 1830.

Credit: Unknown artist · Public Domain Mark 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact Wikimedia Commons original bytes; Corpus Files made no crop, resize, recompression, retouching, or content alteration.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Kateri Tekakwitha

Claude Chauchetière's posthumous painted portrait of Kateri Tekakwitha. It supplies historical person context and does not depict the relic attributed to her at Midland.

Credit: Claude Chauchetière, S.J. · Public domain · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact 375×626 Commons JPEG retained byte-for-byte and not upscaled; Corpus Files made no crop, resize, recompression, cleanup, retouching, compositing, or AI alteration. Voluntary creator and source credit retained.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Leonardo Murialdo

Saint-Sulpice in Paris. Murialdo spent 1865–1866 studying at the Saint-Sulpice seminary.

Credit: Ibex73 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact source image bytes retained. Wikimedia supplies this proportional display-size copy; no local cropping, retouching, compositing, or recompression.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Louis Bertrand

Louis Bertrand, painted by Francisco de Zurbarán circa 1640.

Credit: Francisco de Zurbarán · Public Domain Mark 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact Wikimedia Commons original bytes; Corpus Files made no crop, resize, recompression, retouching, or content alteration.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Lucy Filippini

Lucy Filippini in an anonymous nineteenth-century devotional portrait, holding a crucifix and an open book.

Credit: Unknown nineteenth-century devotional artist · Public domain · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Current original Commons JPEG copied unchanged; no local crop, retouching, recoloring, compositing, or AI alteration. Commons records an earlier border crop by another contributor.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Lucy of Syracuse

Francisco de Zurbarán, Saint Lucy, c. 1625–1630. Chester Dale Collection, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, 1943.7.11. A devotional painting, not a portrait from life or an image of relics.

Credit: Francisco de Zurbarán · CC0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Saved the Commons proportional web-size derivative where available; original bytes used when smaller. No local crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration, or intentional color correction.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Luigi Orione

A mosaic portrait of Luigi Orione on the exterior of the Orionist Sisters’ care home in Koło, Poland.

Credit: Photograph: CudPotwórca; mosaic artist unrecorded · Photograph: public domain · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact source image bytes retained. Wikimedia supplies this proportional display-size copy; no local cropping, retouching, compositing, or recompression.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Madeleine Sophie Barat

The reliquary identified as Madeleine Sophie Barat's in Saint-François-Xavier, Paris.

Credit: Guilhem Vellut from Paris, France · CC BY 2.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Displayed copy is Wikimedia Commons’ upstream proportional thumbnail resize. Corpus Files downloaded it without additional crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration or intentional color adjustment.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Blessed Mafalda of Portugal

Mafalda of Portugal, Queen of Castile, in António de Holanda’s Genealogy of the Kings of Portugal (1530–1534).

Credit: António de Holanda · Public domain · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The displayed copy is a 960 × 1156 resize of the 998 × 1202 source and differs from the current Commons 960-pixel derivative by at most one channel value.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Margaret Mary Alacoque

The reliquary identified as Margaret Mary Alacoque's in the Visitation chapel, Paray-le-Monial.

Credit: Benjamin Smith · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Displayed copy is Wikimedia Commons’ upstream proportional thumbnail resize. Corpus Files downloaded it without additional crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration or intentional color adjustment.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Margaret of Castello

Margaret of Castello in a devotional etching by J. and J. Klauber, from the Wellcome Collection in London.

Credit: J. and J. Klauber; Wellcome Collection · CC BY 4.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Selected source image copied unchanged; no crop, retouching, recoloring, compositing, or AI alteration.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Margaret of Cortona

Gaspare Traversi’s Saint Margaret of Cortona, about 1758. The painting is held by The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

Credit: Gaspare Traversi; The Metropolitan Museum of Art · The Met Open Access / CC0 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The museum’s supplied web-large JPEG is copied unchanged. No crop, retouching, color correction, compositing or AI alteration by Saints and Science.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Maria Domenica Mazzarello

Maria Domenica Mazzarello in a portrait reproduced in The Venerable Don Bosco, published in Philadelphia in 1916.

Credit: Portrait photographer unrecorded; reproduced in M. S. Pine, The Venerable Don Bosco (1916) · Public domain (US publication, 1916) · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Historical book image extracted upstream and served unchanged from Commons. No local edits or cropping.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Maria Goretti

St Maria Goretti Church in Ribbleton, Preston, England—a parish named in her honour.

Credit: Rept0n1x · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact source image bytes retained. Wikimedia supplies this proportional display-size copy; no local cropping, retouching, compositing, or recompression.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Martin de Porres

The historic dome and interior of Santo Domingo in Lima.

Credit: Diego Delso · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Displayed copy is Wikimedia Commons’ upstream proportional thumbnail resize. Corpus Files downloaded it without additional crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration or intentional color adjustment.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Mary Magdalene de' Pazzi

Mary Magdalene de’ Pazzi in a seventeenth-century miniature by Josefa de Óbidos, in the Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisbon.

Credit: Josefa de Óbidos · Public domain · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. No changes detected; displayed file is byte-for-byte identical to the Commons source.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Narcisa de Jesús

The Sanctuary of Narcisa de Jesús in Nobol, Ecuador, photographed on 3 November 2015.

Credit: Edjoerv · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The creator's source uses EXIF Orientation 8 for portrait display. Corpus Files proportionally resized the 4592 × 3448 Wikimedia Commons JPEG source to 1351 × 1800 displayed pixels (1800 × 1351 stored matrix; EXIF Orientation 8 retained) and JPEG re-encoded it at quality 86 with macOS sips for web delivery. No crop, manual rotation, retouching, compositing, content alteration, or AI alteration was made; metadata may have been normalized by re-encoding. Redistribution remains under CC BY-SA 4.0; ShareAlike applies to adaptations.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Nicholas of Tolentino

Giovanni di Paolo’s The Exultation of Saint Nicholas of Tolentino, about 1450, in The Metropolitan Museum of Art’s Robert Lehman Collection.

Credit: Giovanni di Paolo (Giovanni di Paolo di Grazia); The Metropolitan Museum of Art · The Met Open Access / CC0 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The museum’s supplied web-large JPEG is copied unchanged. No crop, retouching, color correction, compositing or AI alteration by Saints and Science.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Blessed Osanna Andreasi

Francesco Bonsignori, Beata Osanna Andreasi, c. 1519, reproduced in Julia Cartwright Ady’s 1903 London book. The historical printed reproduction depicts a painting held in Mantua.

Credit: Francesco Bonsignori · Public domain · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact archived 2011 Commons PNG bytes, representing the stated 1903 London book reproduction. No local crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration or color correction.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Pacificus of San Severino

Pacificus of San Severino in an eighteenth-century devotional etching from the Upart-Dauscha Collection in Greenville, South Carolina.

Credit: Unknown engraver; image published by Anchorite, Upart-Dauscha Collection · Public Domain Mark 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Selected source image copied unchanged; no crop, retouching, recoloring, compositing, or AI alteration.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Padre Pio

St Mary of the Angels, Dublin, home of Ireland’s National Shrine of St Pio.

Credit: Andreas F. Borchert · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact source image bytes retained. Wikimedia supplies this proportional display-size copy; no local cropping, retouching, compositing, or recompression.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Paola Frassinetti

The Chapel of Saint Paula Frassinetti in São Sebastião do Paraíso, Brazil.

Credit: Túllio F · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact source image bytes retained. Wikimedia supplies this proportional display-size copy; no local cropping, retouching, compositing, or recompression.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Peregrine Laziosi

Saint Peregrine Laziosi with the Crucifix and instruments of the Passion, 1717–c.1770, engraving and etching by Johann Christoph Winkler, whose name appears on the print. Rijksmuseum, RP-P-1909-6157. The surviving sheet was trimmed within the plate mark; the museum’s digital file is a cropped institutional derivative.

Credit: Johann Christoph Winkler (printmaker and publisher; named on object) · Rijksmuseum Public Domain / Public Domain Mark 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact official Rijksmuseum IIIF JPEG. One recto; no digitized verso exists. The physical sheet was trimmed within the plate mark and the delivery filename records an Original-Cropped institutional derivative. The full surviving recto, inscription, and inventory mark are preserved. Corpus Files made no further crop or retouch. The print contains non-graphic Crucifixion wounds, instruments of the Passion, and a possibly sick or injured figure. Credit does not imply endorsement.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Peter Julian Eymard

An anonymous albumen portrait of Peter Julian Eymard, made before his death in 1868 and reproduced as the frontispiece of an 1886 Italian volume; Rijksmuseum object RP-F-2001-7-666-1.

Credit: Anonymous photographer; Rijksmuseum digitization · Public-domain work; digital file released under CC0 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The complete digitized book opening, including the frontispiece, title page, binding, and markings, was retained without cropping. Corpus Files proportionally resized the 6282 × 4526 Wikimedia Commons/Rijksmuseum JPEG source to 1800 × 1297 pixels and JPEG re-encoded it at quality 86 with macOS sips for web delivery. No crop, manual rotation, retouching, compositing, content alteration, or AI alteration was made; metadata may have been normalized by re-encoding. The historical object is public domain and the digital file is released under CC0 1.0; no attribution or ShareAlike condition applies.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Philip Neri

Carlo Dolci’s posthumous portrait Saint Philip Neri (1515–1595), painted in 1645 or 1646; oil on canvas.

Credit: Carlo Dolci · The Met Open Access / CC0 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact official primary-image bytes from The Met Open Access file; no Corpus Files crop, resize, recompression, retouching, compositing, restoration, or AI processing. Publication does not imply Metropolitan Museum of Art endorsement.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Pope Pius X

Th. Russer, Pius X., 1903, pastel and gouache on cardboard. National Museum, H2-183 146.

Credit: Th. Russer (artwork); R. Boček (image) · CC BY 4.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact original institutional JPEG from the National Museum via eSbírky; Corpus Files made no crop, resize, recompression, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. A separate signature-and-date detail was inspected. The item record publishes no treatment, crop, retouching, or other digital-alteration history. Credit does not imply National Museum endorsement.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Rita of Cascia

Saint Rita of Cascia receiving a thorn from Christ’s crown, 1736, line engraving by Johann Jakob Frey the Elder after Giacinto Brandi. Wellcome Collection, 3490i (V0031636).

Credit: Johann Jakob Frey the Elder after Giacinto Brandi · Wellcome Collection Public Domain / Public Domain Mark 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact official full monochrome institutional JPEG. One view; the complete plate border and lettering are preserved. No alteration, conservation, or crop note is published, so none is inferred. Corpus Files made no crop, retouch, or colorization. The engraving shows a non-graphic thorn wound, a Crucifixion, and a skull memento mori. Image: Wellcome Collection. Credit does not imply endorsement.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Romuald

Pseudo-Palmeruccio, Saint Romuald, possibly ca. 1320–30; tempera on wood with gold ground.

Credit: Pseudo-Palmeruccio · The Met Open Access / CC0 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact official primary-image bytes from The Met Open Access file; no Corpus Files crop, resize, recompression, retouching, compositing, restoration, or AI processing. Publication does not imply Metropolitan Museum of Art endorsement.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Rose of Lima

Rose of Lima, painted by Claudio Coello around 1685, in the Museo Nacional del Prado.

Credit: Claudio Coello · Public domain · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The displayed copy is byte-for-byte identical to the current Commons 960 × 1441 derivative resized from the 1966 × 2952 source.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Rose of Viterbo

Pope Pius VI venerating the body of Saint Rose of Viterbo during his 1798 visit, engraved by Pietro Bonato after Luigi Scotti; probably Rome, about 1801. Wellcome Collection, 7147i (V0032973).

Credit: Pietro Bonato after Luigi Scotti; digital reproduction supplied by Wellcome Collection · Public Domain Mark 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact sole official Wellcome IIIF JPEG. The full surviving sheet, lettering, black institutional surround, irregular edges, and age wear are preserved. Corpus Files made no crop, resize, recompression, retouching, or other visual alteration, and the record catalogues no trim, crop, conservation, or digital alteration. The depicted event is the 1798 papal visit; the print itself is catalogued as probably Rome, about 1801, and the two dates should not be conflated. The visible recumbent body is shown non-graphically. Image: Wellcome Collection; credit does not imply endorsement. Public Domain Mark 1.0 permits commercial reuse with no ShareAlike condition and no required attribution; the editorial credit is retained voluntarily.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Rose Philippine Duchesne

Devotional portrait of Rose Philippine Duchesne from the late nineteenth or early twentieth century.

Credit: Anonymous · Public Domain Mark 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Exact Wikimedia Commons original bytes; Corpus Files made no crop, resize, recompression, retouching, or content alteration.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Salvador of Horta

José Juárez, Miracles of the Blessed Salvador of Horta, seventeenth century, Museo Nacional de Arte, Mexico, accession 18572.

Credit: José Juárez · Public Domain Mark 1.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Corpus Files proportionally resized the 1993 × 2565 Wikimedia Commons/Google Art Project JPEG source to 1398 × 1800 pixels and JPEG re-encoded it at quality 86 with macOS sips for web delivery. No crop, manual rotation, retouching, compositing, content alteration, or AI alteration was made; metadata may have been normalized by re-encoding. The artwork and faithful digital reproduction are marked public domain; no attribution or ShareAlike condition applies.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Silvan of Dubrovnik

Display associated with Saint Silvan in the Church of Saint Blaise, Dubrovnik.

Credit: Z thomas · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The displayed copy was resized from the Commons source; redistribution remains under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Sperandia

Sperandia stands at upper right, holding lilies and a crucifix behind the kneeling bishop, in this detail of Lorenzo Lotto’s Cingoli altarpiece. The Alinari photograph was published in Bernhard Berenson’s Lorenzo Lotto in 1901.

Credit: Lorenzo Lotto (painting); Alinari (historical photograph); Getty Research Institute (book scan) · Public domain · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. The source’s foldout plate was scanned in two parts. Selected the complete lower plate scan that includes Sperandia; Internet Archive’s IIIF service rotated that page 90 degrees and proportionally resized it for upright display. Delivered those source-provider JPEG bytes unchanged. No local crop, retouching, recoloring, compositing, or AI alteration.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Blessed Stephen Nehmé

The convent at Kfifan associated with Estephàn Nehmé.

Credit: Evilscaught · CC BY 3.0 · Image file

Source file copied unchanged by Saints and Science. Displayed copy is Wikimedia Commons’ upstream proportional thumbnail resize. Corpus Files downloaded it without additional crop, retouching, compositing, AI alteration or intentional color adjustment.

Web delivery: Saints and Science created proportionately resized WebP delivery copies at quality 82, or 80–76 where needed to keep the file smaller, for faster loading. The complete composition is retained, with no crop, enlargement, retouching, color adjustment, compositing, or AI alteration. Source ICC, EXIF, and XMP metadata are retained where available. Large ICC color profiles are color-managed into compact standard sRGB to preserve intended displayed colors without carrying oversized profiles; EXIF orientation is applied only if required for the original display orientation. The reviewed original remains available unchanged. Each copy retains the source image license and attribution.

Saint Teresa Margaret of the Sacred Heart

Pietro Leone Bombelli’s engraved portrait of Teresa Margaret in an 1806 biography. The book is held by the Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries in Baltimore.

Credit: Pietro Leone Bombelli; Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries copy · Public domain · Image file

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Saint Teresa of Ávila

François Guillaume Ménageot, The Virgin Placing St. Teresa of Avila Under the Protection of St. Joseph, ca. 1787. Saint Teresa kneels at lower right in this preparatory sketch; it is not a life portrait or documentary image. The Met, 1991.48.

Credit: François Guillaume Ménageot (French, 1744–1816) · The Met Open Access / CC0 1.0 · Image file

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Saint Ubald of Gubbio

The Collégiale Saint-Thiébaut in Thann, France, a place of devotion to Ubald of Gubbio, whose name is rendered locally as Thiébaut.

Credit: Gzen92 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image file

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Saint Ursula Ledóchowska

The room identified as Ursula Ledóchowska’s in the religious house at Pniewy.

Credit: Albertus teolog · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image file

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Venerable María de Jesús of Ágreda

Anonymous eighteenth-century portrait identified as Mary of Jesus of Ágreda, in the Museo Nacional del Virreinato, Mexico.

Credit: Anonymous artist · Public domain · Image file

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Saint Veronica Giuliani

Veronica Giuliani with Christ in Josef Zenker’s nineteenth-century altarpiece at Saint Anton in Munich, photographed by Ricardalovesmonuments.

Credit: Josef Zenker; photograph by Ricardalovesmonuments · CC BY 4.0 · Image file

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Saint Vincent de Paul

Etienne Fessard’s 1756 engraving after Charles Joseph Natoire depicts Saint Vincent de Paul in the Chapel of the Enfants-Trouvés in Paris. It belongs to a print series made after Natoire’s chapel paintings before the chapel was destroyed in the nineteenth century.

Credit: Etienne Fessard, after Charles Joseph Natoire · The Met Open Access / CC0 1.0 · Image file

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Saint Virginia Centurione Bracelli

Saint Peter’s Basilica and Square in Vatican City, photographed in August 2014. Virginia Centurione Bracelli was canonized in this square on 18 May 2003.

Credit: Perituss · CC0 1.0 · Image file

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Saint Waltheof of Melrose

A building along the eastern wall of Melrose Abbey, viewed from the Commendator's House grounds in 2022.

Credit: Ymblanter · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image file

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Saint Werburgh

The fourteenth-century stone shrine of Saint Werburgh, reconstructed in the nineteenth century, behind the high altar in Chester Cathedral.

Credit: Mcginnly (Russ McGinn) · CC BY 3.0 · Image file

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Sister Wilhelmina Lancaster

Benedictines of Mary praying beside Wilhelmina Lancaster’s displayed body, in a modified still from TAN Books’ Finding Sr. Wilhelmina (2023). The image documents a devotional presentation, not an anatomical examination or proof of untreated preservation.

Credit: TAN Books · CC BY 3.0 · Image file

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Saint Zita

Arnould de Vuez, Sainte Zite, 1696, Hospice Comtesse, Lille; photograph by the Wikimedia contributor Velvet.

Credit: Arnould de Vuez; photograph by Velvet · CC BY-SA 3.0 (share-alike terms retained for this derivative) · Image file

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Saint Émilie de Vialar

The reliquary identified as Émilie de Vialar's in Saint-Pierre, Gaillac.

Credit: Didier Descouens · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image file

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Webb Takes a Stunning, Star-Filled Portrait of the Pillars of Creation (Full View)

Webb Takes a Stunning, Star-Filled Portrait of the Pillars of Creation (Full View)

Pillars of Creation (MIRI Image)

Pandora’s Cluster (Abell 2744)

Webb mirror covers being removed at Goddard

Asteroid Bennu

Evening at Lourdes

Inside St. Peter’s Basilica

Returned Bennu material inside the opened TAGSAM head

Jason Dworkin holding a vial of returned Bennu material

The Grotto of Massabielle at Lourdes

Lourdes basilica viewed from the esplanade

Beyond the Horizon

Light carries a story

WMAP nine-year cosmic microwave background map

Why does the Vatican have an observatory?

Galileo: what happened, and what should Catholics learn?

The sister who saw the future of computing

How should Catholics read Genesis alongside science?

Saint Albert the Great and the habit of looking closely

Do laws of nature leave room for miracles?

The priest who learned to read starlight

What happened before the Big Bang?

How do we know Earth is billions of years old?

The sisters who helped map the stars

The church floor that became an astronomical instrument

A priest, a chemistry laboratory, and the road to synthetic rubber

Why would a good creation include animal suffering?

Adam, Eve, and human evolution: where do the questions meet?

How did life begin—and how is that different from evolution?

Would discovering extraterrestrial life change Christian belief?

Is the universe fine-tuned for life?

Can a brain scan tell us whether we have a soul?

Can an AI be a person?

Are we really made of stardust?

Why does Easter move?

Can chance be part of providence?

What does the loss of a species mean for creation?

What is a leaf doing with sunlight?

Does quantum physics really say what people claim it does?

The Shroud of Turin: what can the evidence actually establish?

Can prayer be tested in a clinical trial?

The Jesuits who listened to earthquakes

Why can mathematics describe the natural world?

Maria Gaetana Agnesi: a life of mathematics and mercy

Why does a peacock feather change color when you move? — Peacock male displaying.jpg

Why does a peacock feather change color when you move? — Peacock feather close-up.jpg

Why does a peacock feather change color when you move? — Peacock feathers. (20779300743).jpg

Why Saturn has rings—and moons among them — Translucent Arcs

Why Saturn has rings—and moons among them — Daphnis Up Close

Why Saturn has rings—and moons among them — Texture in the Outer Cassini Division

When a Eucharistic host changes color, what can science tell us? — Oblater.jpg

When a Eucharistic host changes color, what can science tell us? — Serratia marcescens on an XLD agar plate (PHIL 6620)

When a Eucharistic host changes color, what can science tell us? — Biology microscope.jpg

Original explanatory diagrams

Light carries a pattern

A repeated halving

Our atoms have different histories

The Gregorian Easter sequence

A leaf transforms energy and matter

Two waves, different clues

The Saints Atlas